Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3395-3403

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-13

Kesan Keadaan Tinggi Karbon Dioksida dan Kandungan Nutrien Media terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Nutrien Wolffia arrhiza

(Effect of High Carbon Dioxide and Medium Nutrient Content on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Wolffia arrhiza)

FARHANNAH AZHAR¹, BABUL AIRIANAH OTHMAN¹ & MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT^1,2,*

¹Jabatan Sains Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Pusat Inovasi Teknologi Konfeksi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 6 Februari 2024/Diterima: 30 Ogos 2024

Abstrak

Karbon dioksida (CO₂) merupakan antara bahan utama yang diperlukan oleh tumbuhan untuk pertumbuhan. Keadaan tinggi CO₂ serta nutrien penanaman dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan hasil tanaman serta memberi kesan terhadap nutrien tumbuhan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan keadaan tinggi CO₂ dan nutrien media penanaman (kalium nitrat (KNO₃), magnesium sulfat heptahidrat (MgSO₄.7H₂O), kalsium nitrat tetrahidrat (Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O) dan  monokalium fosfat (KH₂PO₄)) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan nutrien Wolffia arrhiza. Wolffia arrhiza telah ditanam di dalam tahap CO₂ normal (500 ppm) dan tahap CO₂ tinggi (800 ppm) serta 5 kepekatan nutrien media penanaman yang berbeza iaitu N-media (kawalan), 3 kali kepekatan yang lebih rendah (A), 3 kali kepekatan yang lebih tinggi (B), 5 kali kepekatan yang lebih tinggi (C) dan 7 kali kepekatan yang lebih tinggi (D) berbanding N-media. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan keadaan tinggi CO₂ meningkatkan pertumbuhan Wolffia arrhiza dengan signifikan (p<0.05) dengan peratus pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi diperoleh berbanding sampel yang tidak ditanam dalam keadaan tinggi CO₂. Perbandingan antara komposisi media yang berbeza menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan bagi kadar pertumbuhan untuk sampel yang ditanam sama ada pada keadaan CO₂ normal atau tinggi CO₂. Terdapat peningkatan kandungan karbohidrat (p<0.05) Wolffia arrhiza dengan peningkatan tahap CO₂ tetapi hanya pada media pertumbuhan dengan kepekatan nutrien yang tinggi (masing-masing 61.4, 64.8 dan 64.3% bagi media  B, C dan D). Tiada kesan signifikan oleh tahap CO₂ dan kandungan nutrien untuk kandungan protein dan nilai DPPH. Walau pun kajian ini menunjukkan terdapat kesan positif oleh tahap CO₂ yang lebih tinggi, lebih banyak kajian perlu dijalankan untuk lebih memahami perubahan yang berlaku secara fisiologi bagi Wolffia arrizha hasil daripada penanaman pada CO₂ yang tinggi supaya dapat meningkatkan hasil.

Kata kunci: Karbohidrat; karbon dioksida; nutrien media; pertumbuhan; Wolffia arrhiza

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the main substances that plants need for growth. Conditions of high concentration of CO₂ and cultivation nutrient can increase crop growth and affect plant nutrients. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the effect of high CO₂ and nutrient concentration (potassium nitrate (KNO₃), magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgSO₄.7H₂O), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O) and monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄)) on the growth and nutrient content of Wolffia arrhiza. Wolffia arrhiza was grown in normal CO₂ levels (500 ppm) and high CO₂ levels (800 ppm) with 5 different nutrient concentrations of the cultivation media which were N-media (control), 3 times lower concentration (A), 3 times higher concentration (B), 5 times higher concentration (C) and 7 times higher concentration (D) compared to N-media. Results of the study showed high CO₂ conditions significantly (p<0.05) increased Wolffia arrhiza growth where higher growth percentage was attained compared to samples not grown in high CO₂ conditions. Comparison between different media compositions showed no significant difference in growth rate for samples grown in either normal or high CO₂ conditions. There was an increase in carbohydrate content (p<0.05) of Wolffia arrhiza with the increase of CO₂ but only in growth media with high nutrient content (61.4, 64.8 dan 64.3% for media B, C, and D, respectively). No significant effect of CO₂ level and nutrient content on protein content and DPPH value. Even though this study showed the positive effects of high levels of CO₂, more studies are needed to further understand the physiological changes of Wolffia arrizha as affected by high CO₂ to increase yield.

Keywords: Carbohydrate; carbon dioxide; growth; nutrient content; Wolffia arrhiza

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yusofm@ukm.edu.my